One of the large ethnic groups living in Azerbaijan is the Roma. It is estimated that there are around 20,000 to 25,000 Roma in Azerbaijan, but there is also no precise statistics regarding their work and social conditions. After gaining independence, Azerbaijan faced registration issues with the Roma, and some even continued carrying Soviet passports. Many Roma currently pay attention to their children's IDs in order to receive social assistance and child benefit. Because Roma without official registration are excluded from health and education services. 

Not only during the period of independence, but also during the Soviet period, the settlement of Roma nomadic groups in Azerbaijan was the territory of Yevlakh, Agstafa and Gazakh regions. Most of them have residences and small houses in these regions. Although they have stopped their nomadic lifestyle since the Soviet era, they are engaged in begging in various areas. Therefore, although they are registered in the regions like Yevlakh, Agdash or Barda, Zagatala, Agstafa, Gazakh, currently they are mostly renting houses in the surrounding districts of Baku (Sabunchu, Binagadi, Nasimi, Surakhani). Just like in other countries, many Roma families in Azerbaijan also live in small houses with extended families. Especially in rural and suburban areas, the situation of the Roma community appears to be challenging. The unsanitary environment, concrete houses, lack of running water due to unpaid bills contribute to the difficulties they face. 

In Azerbaijan, the unemployment problem, which is relevant for much of the population, does not bypass Roma either. Although the main Roma occupation is collecting scrap metal- mobile metal gathering, some Roma men continue the traditions of tinsmithing, coppersmithing, and small crafts. Although women and children are also involved in collecting and selling scrap and metal can, many of them engage in begging. Children who avoid education face not only labor exploitation, but also early marriage.

Today, the biggest problem of Roma in Azerbaijan is their lack of stability, absence of community, and the misdirection of their traditions. While Roma, whose traditions are mainly based on music and dance, have communities, theaters, and music centers in several countries, these traditions do not go far from begging, child labor, and harmful habits in Azerbaijan. Stereotypes and misconceptions persist between the Roma people and society. In such a situation, society think, "They won't change; their lifestyle goes against our norms, and we don't want to live with them." On the other side, the Roma people think, "This is our tradition, who will give us work?"

One of the major problems that the Roma face is the issue of identity. In many cases, Roma hide their identity and call themselves Kurds. This is because they often face discrimination being labeled as "qaraçı" in society. Roma who use the Dom language cannot speak Azerbaijani in a good level. The collected folklore material and language analysis show that there is no singular dialect in Dom, and each individual speaks in accordance with the dialect of the region where they reside. Accepting the language, religion, and customs of the country they live in are strong enough factors for the assimilation of a people. Despite this, the Roma have managed to preserve their way of life and identity. 

Kamala Aghazadeh, the chairwoman of the Azerbaijan Children's Public Union and founder of the Child Shelter-Reintegration Center, notes that for a positive change, Roma should first be recognized as an ethnic minority by statistics, and then state programs should be worked with them. In conclusion, the Roma people in Azerbaijan faces multifaceted challenges, including issues related to registration, social conditions, and identity. The lack of precise statistics and difficulties in accessing social services contribute to their marginalized status. The persistence of stereotypes and the need for recognition of the Roma as an ethnic minority underscore the importance of implementing targeted state programs to address their needs and promote positive change.